2024届高考英语专题07 名词辨析和代词辨析(原卷版+解析版)

专题07 名词辨析&代词辨析 目 录 01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞 02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞 回顾核心考点 易混易错归纳 03 知识通关演练 1．（2023·天津·高考真题）The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District,which was a great _____ of inspiration for his poems. A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在湖区长大，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。A. discovery发现；B. form形式；C. source来源，源泉；D. symbol象征。由下文“of inspiration for his poems.”可知，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。故选C。 2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _____ is to pour hot water on it first. A．focus B．target C．function D．trick 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个瓶子很难打开；诀窍是先把热水倒在上面。A. focus焦点；B. target目标；C. function功能；D. trick诀窍。由“pour hot water on it first”可知，空格处应表达“诀窍”，故用trick，作主语。故选D。 3.（2023·天津·高考真题）I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, _____ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture. A．it B．that C．this D．one 【答案】D 【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：我真的很想去一个地方过暑假，一个特别美丽的风景和独特的文化。A. it它；B. that那个；C. this这个；D. one一个。分析句子，此处表示泛指过暑假的地方，one指代的刚提到过的同一类人或物。故选D。 4．（2022·天津·高考真题）When people are depressed, some experience a loss of_____ while others can’t stop eating. A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。 5．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer _____. A．system B．method C．investment D．environment 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。 6．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by _____ in medical science. A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples 【答案】B 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。 回顾核心考点 常见的不可数名词： information 信息 fun 乐趣 progress 进步 equipment 设备 advice 建议 furniture 家具的总称 luggage/baggage 行李 evidence 证据 clothing服装的总称 poetry 诗歌的总称 jewelry 珠宝的总称 work 工作 news 消息 scenery 风景 change 零钱 抽象名词具体化现象： 词语 抽象含义 具体化含义 例句 honor 荣誉；尊重 一件荣幸的事 It is an h ... ...