英语 学科讲义 课程内容 8BU7知识点讲解 被动语态的基本知识 语态：英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。 2. 主动语态与被动语态的转化： ①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 例： We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 That factory was visited by us last summer 被动语态 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 例题：把下列句子改为被动句 John drew a beautiful horse last week. _____ 【答案】A beautiful horse was drawn by John last week. People use metal for making machines. _____ 【答案】Metal is used for making machines by people. He asked me to do that for him. _____ 【答案】I was asked to do that for him. They sold out the light green dresses. _____ 【答案】The light green dresses were sold out by them. 3. 用法： 被动语态常用于以下两种情况： （1）不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者； 例：This cloth is made of cotton. （2）强调动作的承受者。 例：Her bike is stolen. 4. 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态构成： 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her. 由她教我们英语。 一般过去时 was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary. 玛丽给了我一件礼物。 例1：— Our classroom_____every day. — So it is. It's our duty to keep it clean and tidy. A. cleans B. is cleaning C. is cleaned D. cleaning 例2：The mobile phone has influenced people’s life a lot since it _____. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 例3：If city noises ____ from increasing，people will have to shout to be heard even at dinner． A. are not kept B. are not keep C. do not keep D. do not kept 【答案】CDA 知识点2：不用于被动语态的动词 ①不及物动词不用于被动语态，如appear, come out, happen , take place等不及物动词不能用于被动语态。 例1：Great changes_____place. Many new schools _____. A. have taken, have been opened B. take, are open C. are taken, open D. have been taken, are opened 【答案】A ②表状态动词不用于被动语态，常见的有：hold, have, cost, contain, become, look like等 例：这本书花了我20元。（用cost翻译）_____ 【答案】The book cost me 20 yuan. 知识点3：主动形式表被动意义 某些感官动词和系动词接形容词可以表示被动意义。如：look, smell, taste, feel, prove, wear, sound等 例：Her bedroom looks very clean and tidy.她的卧室看起来非常干净和整洁。 2)某些作表语的形容词后，用不定式主动形式表示被动意义。 例：The conversation is hard to understand.对这话很难理解。 The fish is not easy to fish.鱼不容易钓。 The passage is difficult to read.这段文章很难读懂。 3)write, sell, wash和read和副词连用，主动语态表被动意义。 例：The pen writes smoothly. 这笔写起来很顺手。 The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 例1：-- Do you like the material -- Yes, it ___ very soft. A . is feeling B . felt C . feels D . is fe ... ...
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