(
课件网) UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION Discovering Useful Structures To review infinitives and do some exercises. Read the following sentences and analyze what functions the colored part serves as in each sentence. 1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. 2. Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east. 3. Merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals. 4. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. 5. The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas. subject主语 object complement宾语补足语 adverbial状语 subject主语 predicative表语 6. This will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. 7. China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. 8. There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects. 9. The need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 宾语object 状语adverbial 定语attribute attribute定语；定语 动词不定式 主动 被动 用法 一般式 to do to be done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生的动作 完成式 to have done to have been done 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作 进行式 to be doing / 表示正在进行的动作，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 完成进行式 to have been doing / 表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前一直进行的动作 不定式的构成与形式 Marry is so happy to see you. Kim told me to come earlier. He seems to be reading English poems. He pretended not to see me. He pretended to be reading when I entered the room. He pretened to have known everything. He is said to have translated the book into English last year. He claimed to have been badly treated in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday. 动词不定式的不同形式表示的意义 不定式是非谓语动词的一种，在句中可以作除谓语以外的其他成分，如主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语等。 e.g. To say is one thing; to do is another. He wants to know his mother’s secret. My dream is to write a book about my life. The professor asked her assistant to make a detailed plan. The best place to visit in May is my hometown. I returned home only to find she had left. 不定式的用法 不定式作主语 不定式作主语通常位于句首，表示具体的某次动作，谓语动词用_____形式。 eg To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society. 当to do 主语较长、谓语短时，用it作形式主语，to do 放后面。 it作形式主语代替真正主语不定式常见于以下情况中： It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. It is + n. + (for sb.) to do sth. It takes/took/will take sb. some time/money to do sth. eg It was wise of you to refuse his invitation. 单数 不定式作宾语 常跟不定式作宾语的动词： agree, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, intend, learn, plan, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, p ... ...
