(
课件网) 重难题型突破 题型二 阅读理解 方法点津 1. 先读问题，弄清考查要点。 此目的是带着问题看文章，做到心中有数，有的放矢。 2. 快速浏览全文，掌握全貌。 注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫一下首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。 3. 细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细节内容。 这是解题的关键，应注意以下几点： （1） 抓住四个“W”和一个“H”，就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把What（事件）、 When（时间）、 Where（地点）、 Why（原因）、 How（经过）画出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个“H”，就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。 （2） 抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果、让步、递进、转折、指代、列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能，这对分清文章层次、辨明各种关系、了解人物心理、推断作者意图、进行逻辑推理等都具有举足轻重的作用。 （3） 根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的、有把握的题可以直接确定，不必对其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间；有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。常用的解题方法有如下几种： ① 直接解题法；② 归纳解题法；③ 综合推理法；④ 捕捉关键词；⑤ 转换解题法；⑥ 排除法。 4. 重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。 在解完最后一题后，如果时间允许，将原文再读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率思考各题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。 典例展示 （2023·苏州）Confucianism（儒家思想） has been followed by Chinese people for more than two thousand years. To help people understand how to behave towards others， Confucianism teaches the Five Constants（五常）. These are ren， yi， li， zhi and xin. They are general virtues（美德） around the world. The most import-ant two are ren and li. Ren is the feeling of care and love we should have for others. Confucius explained that ren could best be understood as loving others. He is famous for teaching people “What you do not want done to yourself， do not do to others”. It is quite similar to what is known in the West as the Golden Rule（treat others the way you want to be treated）. While the meaning of ren is easy to understand， li is a little harder to express. It can be thought of as duty or even respect. Generally， li is the way we should connect with people in our everyday life. In Confucian writings， discussions about li include the proper way to drink tea and how to remember ancestors（祖先）. While ren is mostly about our opinions and feelings， li is about how we express our opinions and feelings towards others and towards the world around us. Perhaps the most well-known Confucian virtue is xiao. This is the duty children have to their parents. Xiao means loving， respecting， obeying and taking care of one’s parents in their old age. In Confucianism， xiao is important for a harmonious（和谐的） society： Without it， the whole world would fall into a mess. （ B ）1. Which are the most important of the Five Constants？ A. Ren and yi ... ...
