XB3U4 Grammar and usage Learning objectives By the end of this section, you will be able to: 1. identify the use of appositive clauses; 2. work out the rules of appositive clauses; 3. use appositive clauses to finish related tasks. Learning procedures Step 1 Warming up Do you know this heritage site _____ 2.Where are the Abu Simbel temples located _____ Step 2 Read the sentences and pay attention to the underlined parts. 1. Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. 2. Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 3. We Chinese people are brave and hard-working. 4. I have the impression that people there are always on the go. 1.同位语可以由：_____构成。当同位语由句子构成时，就叫 _____ 2.同位语的位置：_____,作用:_____ Step 3 Working out the rules 1.同位语从句: 在复合句中，从句作某一名词的同位语，对该名词作进一步解释说明，说明其具体内容的从句,该从句被称为同位语从句。同位语从句即重复说明同一个人或事件的从句。 2.同位语从句-常接同位语从句的名词，不是所有的名词后面都能跟同位语从句，只有少数抽象意义的名词可以跟同位语从句。常见的充当同位语从句先行词的名词有: advice agreement协议belief信念 doubt 怀疑 explanation act word 消息 proposal hope idea news opinion order 命令 promise possibility problem truth question 问题 report suggestion thought information wish warning probability reply evidence proof message conclusion tip：如何判断两个词之间是同位语的关系？ 被解释说明的词和同位语在逻辑上是主表关系（即被解释说明的词=同位语） Working out the rules An appositive clause is usually placed after an abstract noun to explain its content. We often use (1)_____,(2)_____ or a question word to introduce an appositive clause. Nouns that can be followed by an appositive clause include fact, idea, news, opinion, etc. Step4 Summary 1.从属连词 that, whether 1)He told me the news _____ he would come home from abroad soon. 2)She was in doubt _____ she had made the right decision. 3)The news came _____ the national team won the game. tip: 只用 whether 引导,不用 if 小结：that : _____意义、_____成分、_____省略，只起连接作用 whether: _____意义、_____成分、_____省略 2.连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose 1) I have no idea _____my classmate is speaking with. 2) I have no idea _____ caused the matter. 3) I have no idea _____ shoes it is. 4) I have no idea _____ one to choose. 小结：连接代词 ____意义、作_____成分、_____省略 3.连接副词 when, where, how, why 1) You have no idea _____worried I was! 2) He has solved the problem _____ the TV was out of order. 3) The couple are discussing the question _____ they should have their honeymoon next month. 4) The decision _____they will leave for Beijing hasn’t been made. 小结：连接副词 _____意义、作_____成分、_____省略 The question is whether we should go on with this work. 特殊情况 1 一坚持 insist 二命令 order, command 三建议 advise, suggest, propose 四要求 require, request, demand, desire Point 2: 同位语从句的虚拟语气 在表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词 idea, advice, suggestion, request, proposal 等后面的同位语从句中，谓语动词用 ... ...
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