Section Ⅲ Grammar and usage Grammar———过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态 一、语态 [先感知] ①Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.(北师必一U3) ②First,the house was cleaned from top to bottom.(北师必一U3) ③Well,I know that they’re being hunted and their habitat is getting smaller,so they’re in danger of extinction.(人教必二U2) ④I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.(外研必三U3) [会发现] 句①是一般现在时的被动语态;句②是一般过去时的被动语态;句③是现在进行时的被动语态;句④是现在完成时的被动语态。 [明规则] 语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系,分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态的基本形式为“助动词be+done”,其中助动词be随着人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化,后面常用by引出动作的执行者。 1.各种时态的被动语态形式(以动词do为例)。 一般现在时 am/ is/ are done 一般过去时 was/ were done 现在进行时 am/ is/ are being done 过去进行时 was/ were being done 现在完成时 has/ have been done 过去完成时 had been done 一般将来时 will (is/ are going to)be done 过去将来时 would (was/ were going to)be done The relay race had been finished when I arrived. 当我到达时接力赛已经结束了。 We couldn’t use the computer.It was being repaired. 我们不能使用那台电脑,它正在被维修。 This will be demonstrated in the lab experiment with mice. 在实验室用老鼠进行的实验将会证明这一点。 2.被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者 He hurried home,never once looking back to see if he was being followed. 他匆匆赶回家,一次也没有回头看过是否有人跟踪他。 (2)强调或突出动作的承受者 We were told all the work had been finished by now. 我们被告知迄今为止所有的工作都已经完成了。 (3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰 The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money. 想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。 注意:动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时,不可以丢掉后面的介词或副词。 Bad habits have been done away with. 坏习惯已经改掉了。 小题集训 单句语法填空 ①Your T-shirt is being washed (wash) in the washing machine now,so you can’t wear it. ②By the end of last month,more than fifty trees had been planted (plant) in my school. ③The book has been translated (translate) into many languages in the past two years. ④He said a new airport would/was going to be built (build) in his hometown soon. ⑤—Do you have any problems if you are offered (offer) the job —Well,I’m thinking of the working hours. 二、过去进行时的被动语态 [先感知] ①Fireworks were being let off across the city,suddenly lighting up the night sky.(北师必一U3) ②Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing.(人教选四U1) ③As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops,he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.(人教选四U1) ④When I hurried to the store,I saw that the books were already being packed into boxes.(外研选二U3) [会发现] 句①②④是过去进行时的被动语态;句③是一般过去时的被动语态。 [明规则] ... ...
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