(
课件网) Period 4 UNIT 3 FOOD AND CULTURE 主题语境 人与社会———不同民族的文化习俗 课时学案 单元语法讲练(Learning About Language) 过去完成时 一、过去完成时的构成 过去完成时由“had done”构成。 Silk had become one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 B.C． 在公元前100年左右，丝绸已经成为“丝绸之路”上交易的主要商品之一。 二、过去完成时的用法 1．表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态。表示的时间是“过去的过去”，这个过去的时刻常用由by，before等引导的短语或时间状语从句来表示，也可以通过一个表示过去的动作或上下文来表示。 The student completed this experiment to make what Professor Joseph had said come true． 为了使约瑟夫教授所说的事情成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。 By the end of last year，he had collected more than 100 foreign records． 到去年年底，他已收集了超过100张外国唱片。 2．表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或存在的状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并可能继续下去，常与由for或since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。 I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came． 当一辆公共汽车终于来到的时候，我已在公交车站等了30分钟。 He said that great changes had taken place in his hometown since 1990． 他说自从1990年以来他的家乡发生了很大的变化。 3．want，hope，mean，plan，intend等动词的过去完成时可以用来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图，意为“本来……”。 They had wanted to help but couldn't get there in time． 他们本来是要去帮忙的，但未能及时赶到那里。 He had hoped to be back last night, but he didn't catch the plane． 他本来希望昨晚回来，但他没赶上飞机。 4．常用过去完成时的固定句型。 (1)在“hardly...when/no sooner...than”句型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。hardly或no sooner位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构。 Hardly had we sat down when the phone rang． ＝We had hardly sat down when the phone rang． 我们刚坐下电话就响了。 I had no sooner arrived home than it began to rain．＝No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain． 我刚到家就开始下雨了。 (2)It was the first/second/...time that...句型中的that从句用过去完成时。 It was the first time that I had chatted online in English． 那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。 [即时训练1] 单句语法填空 ①Hardly had I got home _____ it began to rain heavily． ②No sooner had he begun to speak_____ the audience interrupted him． ③It was the second time that she _____ (win) first prize in the physics contest． ④The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was her, for I _____ (see) her before． ⑤I _____ (mean) to see you off, but I was delayed by the jam． when than had won had seen had meant 三、过去完成时与一般过去时的用法比较 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下两点不同： 1．过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时强调过去某一特定的时间。 They had arrived at the station by ten o'clock yesterday． 他们昨天十点就已经到达了车站。 They arrived at the station at ten o'clock yesterday． 他们昨天十点到达了车站。 2．在没有明确地表示过去 ... ...
