单元小测(Unit 2) Ⅰ.1.fascination 2.restoration 3.association 4.preserved 5.analysis 6.ambitious 7.fashionable 8.dominating 9.where/what 10.of Ⅱ.1.took up 2.originates from 3.date back to 4.Allowing for 5.contribute to/result in/lead to 6.nothing more than/nothing but 7.leave behind 8.has been breaking new ground Ⅲ.1.It was because; that 2.that we don’t know how to solve; why I am writing to ask you for help 3.was the old temple preserved 4.belonging to his brother 5.no matter how much you (may) disagree with them Ⅳ.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过引用实例、研究数据和报告,介绍了员工忠诚度的利弊,以及它对雇主和员工自身的影响。 1.B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“How many bosses could rely on their employees threatening to quit in mass if they were abruptly forced out Sam Altman received such a show of support from more than 700 staff after he was fired from Open AI that he was swiftly restored to his position by the board. But this level of loyalty is not typical and may not always be a good thing.”(有多少老板能指望,如果他们突然被迫离职,他们的员工会威胁集体辞职 Sam Altman在被Open AI解雇后,得到了700多名员工的支持,董事会迅速恢复了他的职位。但这种程度的忠诚并不典型,可能并不总是一件好事。)可知,作者在第一段提到Sam Altman是为了说明员工忠诚在工作中的好的一面。故选B。 2.C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Stanley recruited almost 1,400 managers to read about a fictional 29-year-old employee called John, who worked for a company that was trying to keep costs down. They had to decide how willing they would be to ask John to work longer hours and take on more work without more pay. Researchers created various situations including labelling John as loyal versus other traits such as honest and fair. Managers were more willing to ask loyal John to take on the burden of unpaid work.”(Stanley招募了近1400名经理来阅读一个虚构的29岁员工John的故事,他在一家试图降低成本的公司工作。他们必须决定他们是否愿意让John工作更长时间,承担更多的工作而没有更多的报酬。研究人员创造了不同的情境,包括给John贴上忠诚和诚实、公平等其他特质的标签。经理们更愿意让忠诚的John承担无偿工作的负担。)可知,Stanley招募了近1400名经理来安排一个虚构的员工John的工作,看他们是否愿意让John工作更长时间,承担更多的工作而没有更多的报酬。故选C。 3.A 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Research led by Matthew Stanley at Duke University’s Fuqua School of Business published this year, found that managers were more likely to exploit loyal individuals.”(杜克大学福库商学院的Matthew Stanley领导的研究今年发表了,该研究发现经理们更愿意剥削忠诚的人。)可知,管理者可能会利用员工的忠诚,让他们承担更多的工作,甚至可能是无偿的工作,即剥削员工。故选A。 4.B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“But this level of loyalty is not typical and may not always be a good thing.”(但这种程度的忠诚并不典型,可能并不总是一件好事。)、第二段“But it is not all rosy. People who are too loyal are more likely to take action that is deemed wrong to keep their jobs and protect their employer, according to a 2021 academic paper.”(但它也不全是美好 ... ...
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