Section Ⅲ Grammar ——— 过去完成时 ①He asked me where I had been during the summer holidays. ②What had Jane done by the time she was seven？ ③I had learned 900 English words by the time I was ten. ④She had lived here for a few years before she moved to Beijing. ⑤By the time my parents reached home yesterday， I had cooked the dinner already. ⑥Had you ever seen her before that？ 【我的发现】 1.过去完成时由“ ———构成。 2.过去完成时的疑问句是将 提前。 一、概念及基本结构 过去完成时表示过去的过去，基本结构为：had＋过去分词。 1.肯定句：主语＋had＋过去分词。 2.否定句：主语＋had＋not＋过去分词。 3.一般疑问句：Had＋主语＋过去分词？ 肯定回答：Yes，主语＋had。 否定回答：No，主语＋had not。 4.特殊疑问句：疑问词或词组＋一般疑问句（had＋主语＋过去分词）？ 【即时演练1】 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①She said she （see） the principle already. ②What was wrong？ He （work） so hard for this event！ 二、基本用法 1.表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。 By two o’clock we had already got everything ready. 到两点钟我们已做好一切准备。 2.与一般过去时搭配，表示某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷改编）It might be the time when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 这可能是你在家人疲惫的一天之后烘焙饼干的时刻。 The fear I had felt earlier disappeared， replaced by a deep respect for these persons. 我之前的恐惧消失了，取而代之的是对这些人的深深敬意。 3.表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常与for （后跟时间段）或since （后跟时间点）等连用。 She had worked in this school since it opened 25 years ago. 自从这所学校25年前开办以来，她一直在这里工作。 4.使用过去完成时在简单句中表示某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by＋过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的： He had gone to bed at 10：00 last night. 若是要说“at 10：00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed ...”。 请再观察下面的句子试比较： It had rained yesterday.（误） It rained yesterday.（正） 【即时演练2】 完成句子 ①I the station before six o’clock. 六点之前我已到达车站。 ②By the time we arrived， everyone medical care. 我们到达时，每个人都已接受了医疗护理。 三、常见句型 过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情，也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间。以下是过去完成时的常见句型： 1.By the end of＋名词（短语），主语＋had done ... By the end of the day， most of the inhabitants had left their homes. 到这一天结束时，大部分居民已离开他们的家园。 2.主语＋had done＋before＋过去的时间状语 I had finished my homework before five o’clock. 五点之前我已完成作业。 3.用在told， said， knew， heard， thought等动词后的宾语从句，表示动作发生在这些动作之前。 She said that she had never been to Paris. 她说她从未去过巴黎。 4.By the time＋从句（did/was/were），主语＋had done ... By the time we arrived， all the good seats had been taken up. 我们到达时，所有的好位子都被占了。 5.主语＋had done ... ...
