ID: 24492448

2026届高考语法高分重难点和易错点解析-被动语态 讲义素材

日期:2025-11-24 科目:英语 类型:高中素材 查看:63次 大小:20704B 来源:二一课件通
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2026届,高考,语法,高分,重难点,易错
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2026届高考语法高分重难点和易错点解析-被动语态 「内容目录」 被动语态概念; 被动语态的基本结构; 名师点拨重难点; 名师点拨易混点; 「知识典例」 一、被动语态的概念 1. 定义 被动语态是英语中重要的语法结构,表示主语是动作的承受者(即动作的执行者不是主语,或执行者不明确、无需强调)。与之相对的是主动语态,表示主语是动作的执行者。 请对比: 主动语态:They built this bridge in 2000.(他们 2000 年建了这座桥。→ 主语 they 是动作 built 的执行者) 被动语态:This bridge was built in 2000.(这座桥建于 2000 年。→ 主语 this bridge 是动作 built 的承受者) 2. 被动语态的3大使用场景 强调动作的承受者(而非执行者); The prize was won by a 17-year-old student. (奖项被一名 17 岁学生获得。→ 强调 “奖项”) 动作执行者不明确或无需提及; Many trees are planted every spring. (每年春天都种很多树。→ 无需说明 “谁种树”) 正式文体(如科技论文、新闻报道、公文)中,突出客观性; The new policy has been implemented nationwide. (新政策已在全国实施。) 二、被动语态的基本结构 1. 基本结构 被动语态 的基本结构是“be done”; (注:不及物动词无被动语态,如 happen、occur、appear 等) 2. 不同时态的被动结构(重点) 时态 主动结构 被动结构 例句 一般现在时 do/does am/is/are + done Rice is grown in the south of China. 一般过去时 did was/were + done The letter was sent yesterday. 一般将来时 will/be going to will be/be going to be + done The project will be completed next month. 现在进行时 am/is/are + doing am/is/are+ being done A new hospital is being built here. 过去进行时 was/were + doing was/were being done The problem was being discussed at the meeting. 现在完成时 have/has + done have/has+ been done The book has been translated into 10 languages. 过去完成时 had + done had +been done When we arrived, the work had been finished. 情态动词 情态动词 + do 情态动词 + be done The mistake must be corrected immediately. 3. 特殊结构的被动语态 1)带双宾语的动词被动语态 带双宾语(直接宾语 + 间接宾语)的动词(如 give、send、offer、tell 等),被动语态有两种形式: 以间接宾语作主语:She was given a new bike as a birthday gift.(= Someone gave her a new bike...) 以直接宾语作主语:A new bike was given to her as a birthday gift.(需加介词 to/for) 2)带宾语补足语的动词被动语态 使役动词(make、let、have)、感官动词(see、hear、watch、notice 等)后接宾语补足语时,被动语态中宾语补足语需还原 to: 主动:We saw him enter the building. 被动:He was seen to enter the building.(还原 to) 例外:let 在被动中仍用 be let do:He was let go.(他被放走了。) 3)短语动词的被动语态 由 “动词 + 介词 / 副词” 构成的短语动词(如 look after、take care of、put off、carry out 等),被动语态中短语需保持完整,不可拆分: The children are well looked after.(不能说 The children are well looked.) The plan has been put off.(不能说 The plan has been put.) 「名师点拨重难点」 重难点 1:主动表被动的特殊情况(高频考点) 有些情况下,主动语态形式可表达被动含义,无需用被动结构,需重点记忆: (1)感官动词(look、sound、feel、taste、smell)+ 形容词:The flower smells sweet.(花闻起来香。→ 主动表被动) (2)不及物动词(如 sell、wash、write、r ... ...

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