
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 五年级上册人教版数学解方程专项练习(三) 一、基础题(一步解方程,巩固核心方法,每题2分,共20分) 1. x + 4.9 = 10.3 2. x - 7.2 = 3.9 3. 1.2x = 8.4 4. x ÷ 0.7 = 5 5. x + 0.83 = 3.17 6. x - 0.56 = 0.44 7. 7x = 29.4 8. x ÷ 2.4 = 3.5 9. 9.5 + x = 15.7 10. x - 3.7 = 8.5 二、提升题(两步混合运算,每题3分,共30分) 1. 4x + 9 = 33 2. 6x - 15 = 45 3. 0.8x + 2.7 = 5.9 4. 3.6x - 5.8 = 10 5. x ÷ 5 - 2 = 3 6. 5x - 4×2 = 17 7. 9x - 6x = 18.9 8. 0.5x + 1.5x = 7.2 9. 22 - 3x = 10 10. 6.3 ÷ x = 0.9 三、挑战题(含括号/多层运算,每题4分,共40分) 1. 2(x + 3.8) = 15.2 2. 5(x - 2.4) = 27 3. 0.3(6x - 12) = 5.4 4. 7(3x + 2) = 70 5. (x + 5.6) ÷ 3 = 4.2 6. (8x - 16) ÷ 4 = 12 7. 3(x - 1.2) + 2x = 19.4 8. 5x + 3(10 - x) = 42 9. 8x - (4x + 7) = 21 10. 2.8x + 5(7 - x) = 29.2 四、应用题(列方程求解,贴合生活场景,每题5分,共20分) 1. 一个数的5倍减去8.6,差是26.4,求这个数。 2. 学校有足球x个,篮球的个数是足球的2.5倍,篮球有60个,足球有多少个? 3. 一个长方形花坛,长18米,宽x米,它的周长是52米,这个花坛的宽是多少米? 4. 妈妈带了50元,买了4千克香蕉,每千克x元,还剩18元,每千克香蕉多少元? 参考答案(附简洁步骤) 一、基础题 1. x = 10.3 - 4.9 = 5.4 2. x = 3.9 + 7.2 = 11.1 3. x = 8.4 ÷ 1.2 = 7 4. x = 5×0.7 = 3.5 5. x = 3.17 - 0.83 = 2.34 6. x = 0.44 + 0.56 = 1 7. x = 29.4 ÷ 7 = 4.2 8. x = 3.5×2.4 = 8.4 9. x = 15.7 - 9.5 = 6.2 10. x = 8.5 + 3.7 = 12.2 二、提升题 1. 4x = 33 - 9 , x = 24 ÷ 4 = 6 2. 6x = 45 + 15 , x = 60 ÷ 6 = 10 3. 0.8x = 5.9 - 2.7 , x = 3.2 ÷ 0.8 = 4 4. 3.6x = 10 + 5.8 , x = 15.8 ÷ 3.6 ≈ 4.39 (保留两位小数) 5. x ÷ 5 = 3 + 2 , x = 5×5 = 25 6. 5x - 8 = 17 , 5x = 25 , x = 5 7. 3x = 18.9 , x = 6.3 8. 2x = 7.2 , x = 3.6 9. 3x = 22 - 10 , x = 12 ÷ 3 = 4 10. x = 6.3 ÷ 0.9 = 7 三、挑战题 1. x + 3.8 = 15.2 ÷ 2 , x = 7.6 - 3.8 = 3.8 2. x - 2.4 = 27 ÷ 5 , x = 5.4 + 2.4 = 7.8 3. 6x - 12 = 5.4 ÷ 0.3 , 6x = 18 + 12 , x = 5 4. 3x + 2 = 70 ÷ 7 , 3x = 10 - 2 , x = 8 ÷3 ≈ 2.67 5. x + 5.6 = 4.2×3 , x = 12.6 - 5.6 = 7 6. 8x - 16 = 12×4 , 8x = 48 + 16 , x = 8 7. 3x - 3.6 + 2x = 19.4 , 5x = 23 , x = 4.6 8. 5x + 30 - 3x = 42 , 2x = 12 , x = 6 9. 8x - 4x - 7 = 21 , 4x = 28 , x = 7 10. 2.8x + 35 - 5x = 29.2 , 2.2x = 5.8 , x = 2.64 (保留两位小数) 四、应用题 1. 解:设这个数是 x , 5x - 8.6 = 26.4 , 5x = 35 , x = 7 2. 解: 2.5x = 60 , x = 60 ÷ 2.5 = 24 3. 解: (18 + x)×2 = 52 , 18 + x = 26 , x = 8 4. 解: 4x + 18 = 50 , 4x = 32 , x = 8 21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页) HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com) " 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
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