第二讲 阅读理解之主旨大意题———以偏概全，扩大或缩小概括范围 在阅读理解题中，干扰项的扩缩范围是指选项中信息的具体程度与原文信息不匹配，从而导致考生做出错误选择的命题套路。具体来说： 1．扩大范围：干扰项提供的信息比原文描述的更为广泛或夸大。这样的选项可能包含超出原文信息的推测或结论，导致考生误认为这是对文本的总结或解释。 2．缩小范围：干扰项提供的信息比原文描述的更为狭窄。这种选项可能只强调原文中某个具体细节，而忽略了更广泛的背景或整体内容，使考生误以为这是重点内容。 做阅读理解题时，考生需要仔细对比选项和原文，以确定选项是否准确反映了原文的信息范围，而不是被干扰项的扩缩范围误导。 (2024·全国甲卷)Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways．For instance，almost all animals have distinct vocals(声音) that they rely on to either ask for help，scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter．But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills．They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it．If a pet cat is hungry，it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food．However，when a cat is looking for affection，they tend to produce stretched and soft meows．Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed． Cats have many heightened senses，but their sense of smell is quite impressive．They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger．They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax．However，another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells．Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future．That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats，which they don't usually like． Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit，but cats take this behavior up a notch．Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners．This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of predators(食肉动物)．Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you．These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time．So just go along with it! 27．What is a suitable title for the text A．Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B．Understanding Your Cat's Behavior C．Have Fun with Your Cat D．How to Keep Your Cat Healthy 深度分析： 选B。该选项精准概括了全文内容———文章通过解析猫的叫声、嗅觉、带“礼物”行为，旨在帮助读者理解猫的行为逻辑，与原文范围完全匹配。 干扰项的范围偏差分析： 扩大范围： ·选项A(Tips on Finding a Smart Cat)：原文通篇围绕“猫的行为及其含义”展开，未提及“聪明的猫”的定义、特征，更无“寻找聪明的猫的建议”相关内容。该选项将原文范围扩大到“寻找聪明的猫”这一原文完全未涉及的话题，属于典型的扩大范围干扰。 ·选项D(How to Keep Your Cat Healthy)：原文未涉及任何与“猫的健康”相关的内容(如饮食、疾病预防等)，该选项将讨论范围扩 ... ...
