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课件网) 第二讲 形容词和副词 考点突破 · 精讲即练 考点一 形容词和副词的词形转换 1．形容词的构词规律 类别 例词 名词词尾加-y rain→rainy，cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，sleep→sleepy，wealth→wealthy 动词词尾加-(e)d learn→learned，gift→gifted, talent→talented，advance→advanced，excite→excited 动词词尾加-ing challenge→challenging，surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 类别 例词 名词词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，thank→thankful/thankless，peace→peaceful/peaceless，use→useful/useless，home→homeless 类别 例词 名词或动词 词尾加-able accept→acceptable，comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，respect→respectable，reason→reasonable 名词词尾加-ous danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humour→humorous 名词词尾的 -ce变为-t confidence→confident， difference→different 类别 例词 名词词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal， nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional 名词词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly，love→lovely 名词词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 类别 例词 动词词尾加 -ive/-ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative，prevent→preventive，protect→protective 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific [以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)；以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)] 【点津】 区分-ed形容词与-ing形容词的具体方法： (1)-ing形容词主要用于修饰物或事，表示事物的性质特征，常译为“令人……的”。 (2)-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile (微笑), feeling (感觉), appearance (外貌), cry (哭), face (面部表情), voice (声音), mood (情绪), look (表情)等表示人的情绪状况的名词。 2．副词的构词规律 类别 例词 形容词＋后缀-ly clear→clearly, great→greatly，loud→loudly，sudden→suddenly，sincere→sincerely，shy→shyly 以辅音字母加-y结尾的形容词，变y为i再加-ly happy→happily，heavy→heavily，angry→angrily，lucky→luckily，noisy→noisily 类别 例词 词尾为-ble/-le的形容词，去e再加-y terrible→terribly，possible→possibly，gentle→gently，probable→probably，comfortable→comfortably，responsible→responsibly，suitable→suitably(例外：whole→wholly) 词尾为-ue的形容词，去e再加-ly true→truly 类别 例词 词尾为-ll的形容词，直接加-y full→fully，dull→dully 词尾为-ic的形容词，加 -ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically， specific→specifically， automatic→automatically 即时演练(一) 单句语法填空 1．But that's how nature is—always leaving us _____ (astonish)． 2．Walking along a trail in the shadowy forest, I saw _____ (variety) plants that have started to turn reddish. 3．They are making the space experience _____ (access) to ordinary people. 4．Today, as urban population explodes _____ (globe), ci ... ...
