2024届高考题型精析15.语法填空突破策略学案(冠词、介词、代词)(含解析 )

15.语法填空突破策略 (冠词、介词、代词) 【题型总览】 【解答概略】 1.分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定填哪类词。 2.如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指意义的比较级等形式,那么空格处一般填冠词。 3.如果句中不缺主语、谓语、表语或动词的宾语,设空处与其后面的成分作定语或状语时,一般是填介词。有时也要考虑固定搭配。 4.如果句中缺少主语或宾语一般要填代词。 【突破策略】 突破策略1当空格需要填冠词时 1.明晰冠词的解题思路 2.牢记含有冠词的常用固定搭配 ①含有不定冠词的固定搭配 have a rest(休息);have a break(休息);take a walk(散步);have a look(看一看);in a moment(立刻);in a minute(马上);once upon a time(曾经)等。 ②含有定冠词的固定搭配 make the most of (充分利用);in the daytime (在白天);in the end (最后);in the habit of (有……习惯);not in the least (not at all) (一点也不);in the distance (在远处);in the way(挡道)等。 [真题示例1](2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) The meat should be fresh with_____ touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. 【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现该空在名词前,考查冠词。a touch of 为固定搭配,意为“少许”。故填a。 [真题示例2](2023 浙江高考·1月卷) In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect_____culture of grassroots Beijingers. 【解答思路】分析句子结构,发现该空在名词前,考查冠词。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 突破策略2当空格需要填介词时 当名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。通常考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的搭配。 牢记常考介词构成的短语 1.由at构成的短语 at dawn/sunrise/noon/night/dusk黎明、日出、中午、晚上、黄昏;at table/college吃饭、上大学;at last最后;at a time一次;at times有时候;at the same time同时;at all costs不惜一切代价 2.由by构成的短语 by accident/chance偶然;by turns轮流;by check用支票;by mistake错误地;by no means决不;by e-mail通过电子邮件;by birth天生的;by means of借助……手段;by the way顺便说一句 3.由from构成的短语 from memory凭记忆;from day to day日复一日;from now on 从现在起;from bad to worse越来越糟;from beginning to end 从头到尾;from time to time时不时地 4.由in构成的短语 in high/poor/bad spirits情绪高涨/低落/差;in tears热泪盈眶;in fear在恐惧中;in danger在危险中;in peace和平相处;in surprise惊讶地;in trouble陷入困境;in safety很安全;in need有需要 5.由on构成的短语 on board乘(车、船、飞机);on duty值班;on fire着火;on earth到底;on holiday/vacation度假;on strike罢工;on show在上映;on (the) average平均;on purpose故意地;on the contrary相反;on the way to在去……的路上;on foot步行;on hire雇用;on business出差;on sale在出售/在打折;on a visit在访问;on the spot当场;on the phone在打/接电话;on time准时 6.由of构成的短语 ①of+抽象名词=形容词 ②of+great/much+抽象名词=very+形容词 如:It is of great/much value.=It is very valuable. ③of+no+抽象名词=not+形容词 如It is of no use.=It is not useful.=It is useless. 7.由out of构成的短语 out of breath气喘吁吁;out of control失去控制;out of danger脱险;out of ... ...