2024届高考英语专题复习：专题三完形填空 第二讲分层突破，巧解完形课件(共62张PPT+测试题)

第二讲　分层突破,巧解完形 完形填空首句一般不设空,设空均匀分布,设题为句内、句组、语篇三个层次。 句内层次题:考查数量6个左右。完形填空中有一半的题目都是基础题目,也就是句内层次题。这些题目完全可以根据掌握的文章大意再结合句内信息顺势答出。随着一个个空缺被填充,文章被还原,文意也就越来越明朗,做题也就会越来越顺手。所以做完形填空第一步的正确做法是能填的尽量填一填,把残缺的信息补全。 句组层次题:考查数量7个左右,句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目,其解题信息分布在空格前后的一组意群之中,解题时需瞻前顾后,综合意群信息解答。即本句信息不能填,可在空格前后再找信息源。 语篇层次题:考查数量2个左右。解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群,而是分散在一段或几段甚至全篇,这就要求考生理解整篇文章,抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主人公的心理,然后进行准确的推理、判断,从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目,一定要坚持这样一个原则———不急于解答,读完全文后综合思考再做判定。 一、句内和句组层次题 　　利用语义复现 语义复现是做完形填空题时常用的解题技巧。语义复现包括原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现和同源词复现等。 [典例1] (2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) My husband,our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our 41(memories) are funny,especially from the early years when our children were little.Once,we 　42　 along Chalk Creek. (　　)42.A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled 答案及剖析:A　根据上一段的“wonderful camping experiences”可知,作者一家是在Chalk Creek岸边露营。camping与camped属于原词复现。 [典例2] (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) When I met Tiffy’s owners,they seemed very 　47　.George,the husband,was trying to be calm,but I could tell this was 48(hard) for him,having to leave his dog to a 49(stranger) and trust that everything would 50(work out). (　　)47.A.confused B.nervous C.annoyed D.curious 答案及剖析:B　根据下文“George,the husband,was trying to be calm”可知,当“我”见到Tiffy的主人时,他们看起来很紧张。calm和nervous是反义词,故选B。 　　　利用逻辑关系 利用逻辑关系解题是完形填空最基本也是最重要的方法,因为语篇都是以一定的逻辑关系衔接的。逻辑关系主要有条件、因果、时间、转折、并列、递进、解释等。 [典例1] (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) The flight was 　53　,and Tiffy was a great passenger.The next day,she 54(flew) with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. (　　)53.A.unnecessary B.unexpected C.unavoidable D.uneventful 答案及剖析:D　根据“and”后的“Tiffy was a great passenger”可知,前句讲的是“很顺利”的事情:这次飞行平安无事。and前后是并列逻辑关系。故选D。 [典例2] (2023·全国甲卷) ...It was a very nice 45(gesture) for him to make.But when we looked at the tomatoes,we were 　46　 because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice,round,47(shiny) things you get in a supermarket.And the wine was cloudy,in a funny old bottle with no label (标签) on it. (　　)46.A.worried B.moved C.thrilled D.bored 答案及剖析:A　根据后文“because they were so misshapen”可知,西红柿形状不规则,所以作者一家很担心是否能吃。此处为因果关系。故选A。 　　　　利用习惯搭配和固定结构 完形填空中偶尔会考查一些习惯搭配、固定句式。这时考生就可以运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解 ... ...