2025年中考英语语法知识-被动语态（讲解+练习，无答案）

被动语态 一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： 例如： Many people speak Chinese. Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语 Chinese是动词 speak 的承受者。 例如： He opened the book.他打开了书。 The book was opened. 书被开了。 二、 被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be+ 及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表 现出来的。 主动句：动作的执行者(主语)+谓语动词+动作的承受者(宾语) 被动句： 动作的承受者(主语)+ be +动词的过去分词 + by + 动作的执行者 注意：(1)有时 by 短语可以省略。 (2)主动句的时态是由谓语动词来体现的，而被动句的时态是由 be 动词来体现的。 被动语态的否定式：在第一个助动词后加 not构成。 被动语态的疑问式：把第一个助动词提到主语之前，句尾加问号构成。例如： 三、 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。 ① 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态； 一般现在时： am / is /are+done 一般过去时： was /were+ done (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. ②现在进行时的被动语态： 现在进行时： am/is/are+ v-ing 十 被动语态： be +done 现在进行时的被动语态： am/is/are+ being + done The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. ③过去进行时的被动语态： 过去进行时： was/were+ v.-ing + 被动语态： be + done 过去进行时的被动语态： was/were+ being + done The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended. ④现在完成时的被动语态： 现在完成时： have/has+ 动词的过去分词 十 被动语态： be + done 现在完成时的被动语态： have/ has + been + done Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. I have been told the sports meeting might be put off. ⑤过去完成时的被动语态： 过去完成时： had+ 动词的过去分词 十 被动语态： be + done 过去完成时的被动语态： had+ been +done When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. ⑥一般将来时的被动语态： 一般将来时： will + 动词原形 十 被动语态： be + done 一般将来时的被动语态： will+ be + done They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. ⑦过去将来时的被动语态： 过去将来时： would + 动词原形 + 被动语态： be + done 过去将来时的被动语态： would + be +done The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. ⑧ 含有情态动词的被动语态 情 态 动 词 +动词原形 十 be + done 含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+ be + done You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. 四、 被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Some new computers were stolen last night. (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。 五、主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构 ... ...