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课件网) Unit 2 Improving yourself Using language Past perfect passive BY MICHELLE 01 Past perfect passive Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentence (a) is from the reading passage. a At the start of the detox, over 100 students had been persuaded to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days. b At the start of the detox, people had persuaded over 100 students to stop using social media, in ANY form, for seven days. Were the students in sentence (a) persuaded before the detox started, or afterwards What is the difference between sentences (a) and (b) Why does the author choose to use a passive form instead of an active form The students were persuaded before the detox started. They differ in voice. The passive voice is used in sentence (a), while the active voice is used in sentence (b). Maybe the author doesn’t know who had persuaded students to stop using social media, or it is unnecessary to say who the persuaders were. Now look for more sentences with the past perfect passive in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words. Past perfect passive 过去完成时的被动语态 ① 基本含义 ② 基本结构 ③ 基本用法 过去完成时的被动语态 The pen had been broken by the boy before it was found. The task had been completed before noon yesterday. 1. 强调动作的承受者 2. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者 基本含义 过去完成时的被动语态是过去完成时的被动形式,主语是谓语动作的承受者。使用被动语态主要因为两种情况： 1. 肯定句：_____ 2. 否定句：_____ 3. 疑问句：_____ _____ 基本结构 All the tickets had been sold out when they arrived. 主语＋had been done＋其他. The movie hadn't been on for half an hour when we got to the cinema. 主语＋had not been done＋其他. Had＋主语＋been done＋其他 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done＋其他 Had the movie been on for half an hour when you got to the cinema How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended 基本用法 By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished. The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. By the end of last year, 120 bridges had been built. 1. 当before, when, by the time, until 等引导时间状语的谓语是一般过去式，以及by, before后接过去的时间时，主句的动作发生在从句的动作或过去的时间之前且表示被动时，用过去完成时的被动语态。 2. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示动作已被做完时，用过去完成时的被动语态。 They said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake. 基本用法 基本用法 3. 在 “It was the first / second / third … time that …”句型中，that从句中的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语动词要用过去完成时的被动语态。 It was the first time that the painting had been displayed to the public. It was the second time that his bike had been stolen. 基本用法 4.根据语意可以判断动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时的被动语态 ... ...
