ID: 23249257

高考英语基础语法复习(讲义)—被动语态

日期:2025-09-25 科目:英语 类型:高中教案 查看:71次 大小:15806B 来源:二一课件通
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高考,英语,基础,语法,复习,讲义
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高考英语基础语法一轮复习学案———被动语态 一、被动语态的核心概念与基础结构 被动语态(Passive Voice)是英语语法体系中用于强调动作承受者的重要语法形式,其核心在于将主动语态中动作的承受者变为句子主语,动作执行者(通常由by引出)退居次要位置或省略。被动语态的基本结构为 “be动词 + 过去分词(done)”,通过be动词的时态变化(一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时等)实现不同时间维度的表达。被动语态常用于:强调动作承受者(如The book was written by a famous author)、无需提及执行者(如The window was broken)、使表达更客观(如It is widely believed that...)等场景。 (一)被动语态的基本结构与用法 1. 结构公式:主语(动作承受者) + be + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 例句:The report is reviewed by the committee.(报告由委员会审阅) 省略规则:当执行者不明确或不重要时,by短语可省略。例如:The bridge was completed last year.(桥梁去年竣工) 2. 不同时态的被动语态 一般现在时:am/is/are + done 例句:Water is used to produce electricity.(水被用来发电) 一般过去时:was/were + done 例句:The ancient temple was destroyed in the war.(古庙在战争中被毁) 一般将来时:will be + done 或 be going to be + done 例句:A new stadium will be built in the city center.(市中心将建一座新体育场) 现在完成时:have/has been + done 例句:The project has been finished ahead of schedule.(项目已提前完成) 过去完成时:had been + done 例句:By the time she arrived, the work had been completed.(她到达时,工作已完成) 含有情态动词:情态动词(can/must/should等) + be + done 例句:These rules must be followed strictly.(这些规则必须严格遵守) (二)被动语态与主动语态的转换规则 1. 基础转换步骤 将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。 主动句的谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”形式,be动词时态与原句一致。 主动句的主语若需保留,用by引出;若不重要则省略。 例句: 主动句:They planted the trees last spring. 被动句:The trees were planted (by them) last spring. 2. 特殊结构转换 双宾语结构:主动句中含双宾语(如give sb. sth.),可将直接宾语(sth.)或间接宾语(sb.)变为主语。 例句:She gave me a book. → ① I was given a book (by her). ② A book was given to me (by her). 复合宾语结构:主动句中“动词 + 宾语 + 宾补”(如make sb. do sth.),变为被动句时需还原to(感官动词和使役动词后宾补的to在主动句中省略,但被动句中需恢复)。 例句:The teacher made the students write a report. → The students were made to write a report (by the teacher). 二、高考高频被动语态考点详解 (一)被动语态的时态与语态结合 高考常通过时间状语或上下文语境考查被动语态的时态变化,需精准判断动作发生的时间。 真题示例1(2023全国甲卷) 题目:The museum, which _____ in 1980, has attracted millions of visitors since then. 答案:was built 解析:“in 1980”为过去时间,博物馆是“被建造”,用一般过去时被动语态。 真题示例2(2023新高考Ⅱ卷) 题目:Many cultural relics _____ (discover) in this area in recent years. 答案:have been discovered 解析:“in recent years”是现在完成时标志,文物“被发现”,用现在完成时被动。 真题示例3(2022全国乙卷) 题目:The new bridge _____ (complete) by the end of next month. 答案:will have been completed 解析:“by the end of next month” ... ...

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