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课件网) Unit 4 Breaking boundaries P3 Using language - Grammar It as an empty subject Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage. P54 1 1. What does “it” refer to in sentences (a) and (c) 2. What is the difference between the sentences in each group Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c) instead of (b) and (d) Now look for more sentences using it as an empty subject in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words. “It” can be used in the subject position to stand for . an infinitive form The first sentences in each group use “it” as an empty subject at the beginning of the sentences. The reason why sentences (a) and (c) are chosen is that the sentences are kept balanced and the key information of the sentences is emphasised. 语法知识点拨 it的用法 it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。 1. 代表前面提到过的事物。 My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere. 2. 用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。 --Who is knocking at the door --It is me. The woman had a baby. It was five months old. 3. 表示时间、距离、天气等。 It will be sunny tomorrow. 4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。 It is impossible for us to learn Japanese. I found it difficult to learn English well first. 形式句真正主语由什么结构承担？ 由于主语过长,为了避免头重脚轻,常常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。 it作为形式主语主要分为三种情况。 1.代表不定式。根据句子的谓语可以分为四种类型。 (1)It+be+形容词+不定式。 It is difficult to finish this job. 很难完成这项工作。 (2)It+be+名词+不定式。 It was my duty to keep the meeting room clean. 保持会议室干净是我的职责。 (3)It+be+介词短语+不定式。 It was beyond my ability to repair the machine. 修好这台机器不在我的能力范围之内。 (4)It+及物动词+宾语+不定式。 It takes a lot of stamina to run a marathon. 跑马拉松需要很大的耐力。 语境运用 完成句子 ①开车的时候一直系着安全带是非常重要的。 to always wear a safety belt when you’re driving. ②在周六早上出去散步是她的习惯。 to go for a walk on Saturday morning. ③成千上万的人花了十年的时间建造了这座宫殿。 It took thousands of people ten years . It is essential It is her custom to build the palace 2.代表动名词。根据句子的谓语可以分为两种类型。 (1)It+be+名词+动名词。 It is no use doing that. 那样做没有用。 (2)It+be+形容词+动名词。 It’s pleasant sitting here. 坐在这里很愉快。 语境运用 完成句子 ①熬夜没有好处。 It’s no good . ②到陌生的地方游玩真是有意思。 It is fun . staying up late visiting new places 3.代表从句。常用的主要有以下五种类型。 (1)It+be+形容词(clear/obvious/true/natural/surprising/good/wonderful/funny/possible/likely/probable/certain/fortunate/...)+that从句。 It was surprising that she passed the difficult exam. 真让人惊讶,她居然通过了这次有难度的考试。 此句中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句“that she passed the difficult exam”。 It is clear that he told a ... ...
