(
课件网) 第1讲 命题突破———细节理解题 2025 高考第二轮专题 英语 高考阅读理解中的细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具 体事实或细节进行理解。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到明确的 答案, 有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理, 如计算、 排序、判断、比较等。细节理解题在高考试卷中占很大的比例, 特别 是在应用文、记叙文和说明文中, 非常侧重对细节理解题的考查。 设问 方式 常使用特 殊疑问句 形式 以when, where, what, which, who, how，why等疑 问词引出的问题。 偶有填空 形式 如：［2024·浙江1月考阅读D 33题］ According to Paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between _____. 正确 选项 特征 原文原词 直接利用原文原词作为正确选项。 同义替换 指对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one's job换成be out of work。有些细节理解题把原 文中的一些词变换一下词性,如把important变换成of importance;改变原文中句子的语态,如主动语态与被 动语态的转换。 信息归纳 用精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息,设 置为正确选项。 正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 续表 干扰 选项 特征 张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。 无中生有 符合常识,但不是文章的内容。 似是而非 与原文内容极其相似,但细微处与原文有出入。 颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。 正误参半 与原文内容部分吻合,部分相悖。 续表 直接细节题 [2024·全国甲卷，B节选] Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells. Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future. That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't usually like.(Para.2) ( ) How does a pet cat assess different situations A.By listening for sounds. B.By touching familiar objects. C.By checking on smells. D.By communicating with other cats. √ [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.”可知,宠物猫通过检查气味来评估不同情况。故选C项。 语义转换题 [2024·新课标Ⅰ卷,C节选] Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text,and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. (Para.5) ( ) Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers A.They can hold students' attention. B.They are more convenient to prepare. C.They help develop advanced skills. D.They are more informative than text. √ [解析] 细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“Audio (音频) and video can feel ... ...
