高考英语语法复习学案（定语从句）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 高考英语定语从句复习学案 一、学习目标 1. 透彻理解定语从句的核心结构与逻辑，精准判断先行词在从句中的语法功能。 2. 熟练掌握关系代词（who/whom/whose/which/that）和关系副词（when/where/why）的辨析与选择技巧。 3. 攻克“介词+关系代词”“非限制性定语从句”“复杂先行词”“分隔式定语从句”等重难点题型。 4. 能在写作中正确运用定语从句提升句式丰富度。 二、知识体系构建 （一）定语从句的本质与结构 定义： 定语从句是“形容词性从句”，相当于“形容词+名词”，对先行词起修饰、限定作用。 核心逻辑：先行词在从句中充当某种成分，关系词是先行词在从句中的“替代符号”。 结构公式： 先行词 + 关系词（=先行词）+ 从句剩余部分（缺啥补啥） 例句拆解： The man who saved the boy is a policeman. → 先行词the man在从句中作主语，关系词who替代the man。 The city where I grew up is beautiful. → 先行词the city在从句中作地点状语，关系词where替代in the city。 （二）关系词的“三维”选择法 1. 第一维：判断先行词的“属性” 先行词属性 可用关系词 例句 人 who/whom/that/whose The girl whom you met is my friend. 物 which/that/whose The desk whose legs are broken is mine. 时间 when/介词+which I remember the year when/ in which I graduated. 地点 where/介词+which This is the room where/ in which he slept. 原因 why/for+which Do you know the reason why/ for which he left 2. 第二维：分析从句“缺什么成分” 缺主语/宾语/定语 → 用关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）。 例：The book (that/which) I read yesterday is interesting.（缺宾语，可省略关系词） 缺状语（时间/地点/原因） → 用关系副词（when/where/why）或“介词+关系代词”。 例：This is the school where I studied ten years ago.（缺地点状语） 3. 第三维：注意“特殊限制条件” 只能用that的8种情况： ① 先行词为all, everything, nothing等不定代词： All that glitters is not gold. ② 先行词被序数词（first, second）或最高级（best, most）修饰： This is the first book that I’ve read this year. ③ 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰： He is the only person that I want to talk to. ④ 先行词含人又含物： We talked about the things and persons that we saw in the park. ⑤ 主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句： Who is the man that is standing there ⑥ 关系代词在从句中作表语： She is not the girl that she was five years ago. ⑦ 先行词是time（次数）时： This is the second time that I’ve seen him. ⑧ 先行词是way（方式）且从句缺状语： I don’t like the way (that/in which) he talks. 只能用which的3种情况： ① 非限制性定语从句中（逗号隔开）： The house, which was built in 1900, is very old. ② 介词后（不能用that）： This is the room in which he was born. ③ 指代整个主句内容时： He failed the exam, which made his parents sad. （三）难点突破：三大高频考点 1. 介词+关系代词（重中之重） 介词选择的3大依据： ① 先行词的固定搭配： I’ll never forget the day on which we met.（on the day） ② 从句中动词的介词搭配： The person with whom I work is very kind.（work with） ③ 句子的逻辑意义： He bought a telescope through which he studied the stars.（通过望远镜） 常见错误警示： 误：This is the pen with that I wrote the letter. 正：This is the pen with whi ... ...