高考英语语法复习学案（被动语态）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台 高考英语被动语态复习学案 一、学习目标 1. 掌握被动语态的核心结构（be + 过去分词）及不同时态的变化形式。 2. 区分主动语态与被动语态的使用场景，攻克“感官动词/使役动词的被动”“短语动词的被动”等高频考点。 3. 能准确判断“无被动语态的动词”及“主动表被动的特殊结构”。 4. 在写作中正确运用被动语态提升句式多样性。 二、核心知识梳理 （一）被动语态的本质与结构 定义： 被动语态表示“主语是动作的承受者”，强调动作的对象或结果，而非执行者。 核心结构：主语 + be动词 + 过去分词 (done) + (by+执行者) 主动 vs. 被动对比： 主动语态 被动语态 The teacher praised me. I was praised by the teacher. 强调“动作执行者（老师）” 强调“动作承受者（我）” （二）被动语态的时态变化（以do为例） 时态 被动语态结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The room is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were + done The car was repaired yesterday. 一般将来时 will/be going to + be done The project will be completed next month. 现在进行时 am/is/are + being done A new school is being built in our town. 过去进行时 was/were + being done The problem was being discussed when I arrived. 现在完成时 have/has + been done The task has been finished successfully. 过去完成时 had + been done The work had been done before he came. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + done This book must be returned on time. （三）被动语态的适用场景 1. 不知道或不必提及动作执行者： The window was broken last night.（不必说“谁”打破） 2. 强调动作的承受者： Chinese is spoken by millions of people.（强调“汉语”被说） 3. 正式文体或科技文献中： The experiment was conducted at room temperature.（客观描述实验） （四）被动语态的特殊用法 1. 感官动词与使役动词的被动 感官动词（see/watch/hear/feel等）： 主动语态中接不带to的不定式（see sb. do），被动语态中需还原to： I saw him enter the room. → He was seen to enter the room. 使役动词（make/let/have）： The boss made him work 12 hours a day. → He was made to work 12 hours a day. 2. 短语动词的被动语态 短语动词（如look after, take care of, pay attention to）不可拆分，被动语态中保留介词： They look after the old man. → The old man is looked after by them. We should pay attention to the details. → The details should be paid attention to. 3. 双宾语结构的被动语态 含双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）的句子，可将其中一个宾语变为主语： ① 间接宾语（人）作主语： She gave me a book. → I was given a book (by her). ② 直接宾语（物）作主语（需加介词to/for）： She gave me a book. → A book was given to me (by her). 常见动词：give/show/send/lend（加to）；buy/make/cook（加for） 4. 主动形式表被动意义的情况 类型 结构/动词 例句 主语为物，表“内在属性” sell/wash/write等 + 副词 This pen writes smoothly.（这支笔好写） 不定式结构 be + adj. + to do The problem is easy to solve.（问题容易解决） 动名词的主动表被动 need/want/require + doing The room needs cleaning.（房间需要打扫） 固定句型 be worth doing The movie is worth watching.（电影值得看） 5. 不能用于被动语态的情况 1. 不及物动词（如happen, occur, belong, arise）： 误：The accident was happened yesterday. 正：The accident happened yesterday. 2. 系 ... ...